64-Bit Number Conversion Tool

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <limits.h> /* __WORDSIZE */

static uint64_t power_of_two(uint64_t n)
{
  if (n == 0)
    return 1;
  else
    return 2 * power_of_two(n - 1);
}

static char *convert_to_bin(uint64_t integer)
{
  static char buffer[65]; /* Should not be longer than 64-bits + NULL. */
  int i, first_one;

  buffer[64] = '\0'; /* Always terminate. */

  first_one = 63;
  for (i = 63; i >= 0; i--) {
    if (integer >= power_of_two(i)) {
      buffer[63 - i] = '1';
      if (first_one > (63 - i))
      {
        first_one = (63 - i);
      }
      integer -= power_of_two(i);
    } else {
      buffer[63 - i] = '0';
    }
  }

  return &buffer[first_one];
}

static uint64_t convert_from_bin(char *number)
{
  uint64_t value;
  int n;
  char *p;

  value = 0; 
  n = strlen(number) - 3; /* Also minus "0b". */
  p = &number[2];
  do {
    if (*p == '0') {
      n--;
    } else if (*p == '1') {
      value += power_of_two(n);
      n--;
    }
  } while (*p++ != '\0');

  return value;
}

static uint64_t convert_to_int(char *number)
{
  uint64_t integer;

  if (strncmp(number, "0x", 2) == 0) {
    integer = strtoull(number, NULL, 16);
  } else if (strncmp(number, "0b", 2) == 0) { 
    integer = convert_from_bin(number);
  } else if (strncmp(number, "-", 1) == 0) {
    integer = atoll(number); /* Handle signed integers. */
  } else {
    integer = strtoull(number, NULL, 10);
  }
  
  return integer;
}

static uint64_t biggest_int(uint64_t n1, uint64_t n2, uint64_t n3)
{
  /* NOTE: Does not handle signed integers, so padding will be off. */
  if (n1 > n2 && n1 > n3) {
    return n1;
  } else if (n2 > n3) {
    return n2;
  } else {
    return n3;
  }
}

static void display_int(uint64_t integer, char *prefix, uint64_t biggest)
{
  int pad;

  if (prefix != NULL)
  {
    printf("%s", prefix);
  }

#if (__WORDSIZE == 64)
  pad = snprintf(NULL, 0, "%ld", biggest)
      - snprintf(NULL, 0, "%ld", integer);
#else /* __WORDSIZE == 32 */
  pad = snprintf(NULL, 0, "%lld", biggest)
      - snprintf(NULL, 0, "%lld", integer);
#endif /* __WORDSIZE */
  while (pad-- > 0) {
    printf(" ");
  }

#if (__WORDSIZE == 64)
  printf("%ld ", integer);
#else /* __WORDSIZE == 32 */
  printf("%lld ", integer);
#endif /* __WORDSIZE */

  printf("0x");
#if (__WORDSIZE == 64)
  pad = snprintf(NULL, 0, "%lx", biggest)
      - snprintf(NULL, 0, "%lx", integer);
#else /* __WORDSIZE == 32 */
  pad = snprintf(NULL, 0, "%llx", biggest)
      - snprintf(NULL, 0, "%llx", integer);
#endif /* __WORDSIZE */
  while (pad-- > 0) {
    printf("0");
  }

#if (__WORDSIZE == 64)
  printf("%lx ", integer);
#else /* __WORDSIZE == 32 */
  printf("%llx ", integer);
#endif /* __WORDSIZE */

  printf("0b");
  pad = strlen(convert_to_bin(biggest))
      - strlen(convert_to_bin(integer));
  while (pad-- > 0) {
    printf("0");
  }

  printf("%s\n", convert_to_bin(integer));
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
  uint64_t n1, n2, result, biggest;
  char *prefix;

  if (argc == 2) { /* Just display the number in different forms. */
    n1 = convert_to_int(argv[1]);
    display_int(n1, NULL, n1);

  } else if (argc == 4) { /* Perform extra operation. */
    n1 = convert_to_int(argv[1]);
    n2 = convert_to_int(argv[3]);
    if (argv[2][0] == '+') {
      result = n1 + n2;
      prefix = " + ";
    } else if (argv[2][0] == '-') {
      result = n1 - n2;
      prefix = " - ";
    } else if (argv[2][0] == '^') {
      result = n1 ^ n2;
      prefix = " ^ ";
    } else if (argv[2][0] == '&') {
      result = n1 & n2;
      prefix = " & ";
    } else if (argv[2][0] == '|') {
      result = n1 | n2;
      prefix = " | ";
    } else if (argv[2][0] == '*') {
      result = n1 * n2;
      prefix = " * ";
    } else if (argv[2][0] == '/') {
      result = n1 / n2;
      prefix = " / ";
    } else if (argv[2][0] == '%') {
      result = n1 % n2;
      prefix = " % ";
    } else {
      fprintf(stderr, "%s: error: invalid operator.\n", argv[0]);
      return -1;
    }
    biggest = biggest_int(n1, n2, result);
    display_int(n1, "   ", biggest);
    display_int(n2, prefix, biggest);
    display_int(result, " = ", biggest);

  } else {
    fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s <number> [<operator> <number>]\n", argv[0]);
    fprintf(stderr, "  number can be integer decimal, hex (0x) or binary (0b)\n");
    fprintf(stderr, "  valid operators: + - ^ & | * / %%\n");
    return -1;
  }
   
  return 0;
}